Feedwater is essential to boiler operations. As water is heated to steam and circulated throughout the system, it must be resupplied from returning condensate or, sometimes, from fresh water. Flow meters are useful for measuring the flow rates of both steam and feedwater. As water flows throughout the boiler its chemical properties can damage the system so feedwater is often treated to control alkalinity, prevent scaling, correct pH, and to control conductivity. Failure to treat the feedwater can adversely impact the efficiency and lifespan of boiler components. Frequent testing using appropriate meters will help determine the efficacy of the treatment.